10th, Science 1, Exercise, 9.1 Carbon Compounds. 

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1. The molecular formulae of the members of the homologous series of alkenes can be

represented by a general formula ... .

2. Write the functional group of aldehyde.

3. What are aromatic compounds called?

4. The phenomenon in which compounds having different structural formulae have the same molecular formula is called ‘... ... .’

5. The unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond are called ‘...’.

6. Whether oxygen has catenation power or not.

7. With which bond is the C atom in CO₂ bonded to each of the O atoms?

8. Deduce the valency of carbon.

9. While going in an increasing order in any homologous series, the physical properties

show variation in one direction; that is, a ... is observed in the physical properties.

10. A ... bond is represented clearly by drawing an electron-dot structure.

11. The compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen as the only two elements are called hydrocarbons.

12. The unsaturated hydrocarbons whose structures contain a carbon-carbon triple bond are called ‘...’.

13. Draw the condensed structural formula of propene.

14. When the value of ‘n’ is ‘2’. We get the molecular formula of the first member of the alkene series as C₂H₂x₂, that is, ... .

15. Write four useful components of crude oil.

16. If the valencies of all the atoms are satisfied by the single bonds, such compounds are called ... compounds.

17. Write down the electronic configuration of carbon.

18. The chemical bond formed by the sharing of two valence electrons between the two atoms is called a ... bond.

19. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes on its own by the following reaction: H-O-O-H ---> 2 H-O-H + O₂ From this, what will be your inference about the strength of the O-O covalent bond?

20. The molecular formula of sulphur is S₈, in which eight sulphur atoms are bonded to each other to form one ring. Draw an electron-dot structure for S₈.

21. The smallest hydrocarbon is methane (CH₄), formed by the combination of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. 

22. The carbon compounds having a double bond or triple bond between two carbon atoms are called ... compounds.

23. Draw different structural formulae for the molecular formula C₄H₁₀.

24. It is learned from the structural formula of benzene that it is a cyclic ... hydrocarbon.

25. Write any four functional groups in carbon compounds.

26. How many methylene units are less in the formula of the second member than the third member of the homologous series of alkenes?

27. Number of -CH₂- units in hexane is ... .

28. Write the functional group of amines.

29. Draw the line structure/structural formula of ethane.

30. The atomic number of chlorine is 17. What is the number of electrons in the valence shell of chlorine?

31. To which group in the periodic table does the element carbon belong?

32. The covalent bond formed between the atoms is indicated by showing the ... around the atomic symbols crossing each other.

33. The atomic number of hydrogen being 1, its atom contains 1 electron in the ... shell.

34. Define catenation power.

35. Write the functional group of carboxylic acid.

36. Which are inorganic compounds of carbon?

37. Draw the condensed structural formula of ethene.

38. General formula of the homologous series of alkanes is ... .

39. Which route did the carbon atom adopt to attain a noble gas configuration?

40. The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO₂.. Draw the electron-dot structure (without showing circle) and line structure for CO₂.

41. Draw a straight chain of pentane.

42. Write the functional group of ester.

43. How many methylene units are extra in the formula of the fourth member than the third member of the homologous series of alcohols?

44. One covalent bond, that is, a ... bond, is formed between two hydrogen atoms by sharing two electrons.

45. The line structure is also called the ... formula.

46. The chemical bonds in carbon compounds do not produce .... .

47. The molecular formula of water is H₂O. Draw electron-dot and line structures for this triatomic molecule. (Use dots for electron of oxygen atom and crosses for electrons of hydrogen atoms.)

48. Write the functional group of alcohol.

49. Objects in everyday use, such as foodstuff, fibers, paper, medicines, wood, and fuels, are made of various compounds. Which constituent elements are common in these compounds?

50. Saturated hydrocarbons are also called ‘...’

51. Draw the structural formula of benzene and write the molecular formula.

52. Draw the condensed structural formula of methanol.

53. The general molecular formula for the homologous series of alkynes is ... .

54. The molecular formula of ammonia is NH₃. Draw electron-dot and line structures for the ammonia molecule.

55. Apart from the straight chains and branched chains, ... chains of carbon atoms are present in some carbon compounds.

56. In any homologous series, while going in an increasing order of the length of the carbon chain, every time one methylene unit (...) goes on increasing.

57. The two oxygen atoms in the O₂ molecule are joined with each other by two covalent bonds, that is, a ... bond.

58. The essential element in all the organic compounds is ... .

59. The valence shell of carbon contains ... electrons.

60. Write the functional group of ether.

61. Draw a line structure/structural formula of 1-Butene.

62. Draw the structural formula of cyclohexene and write the molecular formula.

63. The heteroatoms, or the groups of atoms containing heteroatoms, are called ... ... .

64. Draw the electron-dot and line structure of a chlorine molecule.

65. Generally the melting and boiling points of carbon compounds are found to

be lower than ... °C.

66. Draw the condensed structural formula of butane.

67. Which new identity did organic compounds receive?

68. The natural gas is mainly ... .

69. What are the types of compounds?

The two nitrogen atoms in the N₂ molecule are joined with each other by three covalent bonds, that is, a ... bond.

70. Write characteristics of the homologous series.

71. Write the functional group of ketone.

72. While going in an increasing order of the length, there is a rise in the molecular mass of the members by ... u.

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