Exercise, 10th Sci.1, 8. Metallurgy. 

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• Earth was born about 4.5 billion years ago.
• Elements were classified in accordance with their chemical and physical properties into the types metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

1. Write the difference between metals and nonmetals (minimum 10 points).

2. ... compounds are crystalline in nature.

3. Write a note on aqua regia.

4. ... , an allotrope of carbon, is an exception, as it is a good conductor of electricity.

5. Metals combine with oxygen on heating in air, and metal ... are formed.

6. Write the names of two metals that show chemical reactions with water vapor.

7. The metals, namely, mercury and ... (29.76°C), exist in a liquid state at room temperature.

8. Aluminum Symbol: ...

9. Froth floatation method is used for the concentration of zinc ... (ZnS) and copper pyrite (CuFeS₂)

10. To prevent accidents in the laboratory or elsewhere, sodium is kept in ... .

11. Sodium and potassium metal react rapidly and vigorously with water and liberate

... gas.

12. Aluminum is extracted from its ore ... (Al₂O₃nH₂O).

13. The metals sodium, calcium, and magnesium are obtained by electrolysis of their molten ... salts.

14. In which form do the moderately reactive metals occur in nature?

15. Which are the less reactive metals.

16. Bauxite is the main ore of ... .

17. Define calcination.

18. On exposure to air, silver articles turn ... after some time.

19. Mercury is extracted from its ore, ... .

20. Tinning is a method in which a layer of molten ... is deposited on metals.

21. ... is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust after oxygen and silicon.

22. Write two ways to prevent corrosion.

23. Write names.

a. Alloy of sodium with mercury.

b. Molecular formula of the common ore of aluminium.

c. The oxide that forms salt and water by

reacting with both acid and base.

d. The device used for grinding an ore.

e. The nonmetal having electrical

conductivity.

f. The reagent that dissolves noble metals.

24. Define alloying.

25. Electronic configuration of aluminum:

26. It is easier to obtain metals from their ... rather than sulfides or carbonates.

27. Explain the thermite reaction with one example.

28. Particles of certain sulfide ore float with the foam on water as they preferentially get wetted by the ... .

29. What are the moderately reactive metals?

30. Write some general methods for the concentration of ores.

31. Define roasting.

32. Atomic number of aluminum:

33. Common salt or ... sticks to water; that is, they get wetted by water.

34. Cassiterite is a ... ore.

35. The minerals from which the metal can be separated economically are called ... .

36. ... compounds are, however, insoluble in solvents like kerosene and petrol.

37. Generally, nonmetals combine with oxygen to form acidic oxides. In some cases, neutral oxides are formed. Write one example of a neutral oxide.

38. How did scientists develop the reactivity series? 

39. The particles of the metal ... , due to their hydrophobic property, get wetted mainly with oil, while due to the hydrophilic property, the gangue particles get wetted with water.

40. In this method of separation, the Wilfley table is made by fixing narrow and thin ... riffles on an inclined surface.

41. Write any two examples of reagents.

42. ... is a bad conductor of electricity but a good conductor of heat. 

43. Cassiterite ore is separated by the ... method.

44. What are two steps in the extraction of aluminum?

45. Which vegetable oil is used in the water for the formation of froth?

46. The ... method is used to obtain pure metals from impure metals.

47. Which elements occur in a free state?

48. Copper loses its luster due to the formation of a ... layer of copper carbonate (CuCO₃) on its surface.

49. The compounds of metals that occur in nature along with the impurities are called ... .

50. ... contains mainly the nonmagnetic ingredient stannic oxide (SnO₂) and the magnetic ingredient ferrous tungstate (FeWO₄).

51. What is meant by corrosion?

52. Galvanizing is when a thin layer of ... is applied to prevent corrosion of iron or steel.

53. In anodization process which substance is used as an electrolyte?

54. Silver amalgam was earlier used by ... .

55. The process of separating gangue from the ores is called ... of ores.

56. Metals lose electrons easily and become ... charged ions.

57. Bronze is an alloy formed from 90% copper and 10% ... .

58. When one of the metals in an alloy is ... , the alloy is called amalgam.

59. The process of extraction of metal in a pure state from the ores is also a part of ... .

60. The compounds formed from two units, namely cation and anion, are called ... compounds.

61. Which types of impurities are present along with the metal compounds?

62. Write a note on electroplating with an example.

63. Write 4 general properties of ionic compounds.

64. Which types of alloys are used for minting coins?

 65. Why do anodizing?

66. Stainless steel is an alloy made from 74% iron, 18% chromium, and 8% ... .

67. Define metallurgy.

68. Which impurities are present in bauxite?

69. Why do tinning?

70. Gold amalgam is used for extraction of .... .

71. ... is a method in which metals like copper and aluminum are coated with a thin and strong layer of their oxides by means of electrolysis.

72. What does it mean to be patination?

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