8th Science, 6.2 Composition of matter, Notes.

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माहिती विज्ञानाची या विज्ञान विषयक ग्रुप मध्ये सामील होण्यासाठी खालील लिंकला स्पर्श करा.

      माहिती विज्ञानाची 🎷

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🎸 Elements are classified into 'Metals'  'Non metals' and metaloids.

🎠 Write types of compound with exampls.

1. Organic compounds or carbon compounds - Ex. Carbohydrates, proteins, hydrocarbons for example, petrol, cooking gas.
2. Inorganic compounds or noncarbon compounds. Ex. Comman salt, soda, rust, blue vitriol, limestone.
3. Complex compounds - Ex. Chlorophyll that contains magnesium, hemoglobin that contain iron, cyanocobalamine (vitamin B-12) that contain cobalt.

    

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🏀 The part of matter having uniform composition is called phase.

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🎾 Types of mixtures:

1. When all the components of a mixture form one phase, it is called  homogeneous mixture. 
2. When the components of a mixture are distributed into two or more phases it is called a heterogeneous mixture.

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🏉 Always remember.

• All the particles of a solid that stay together (or are in the same container) constitute a single phase. (eg., a heap of stones.) 
• A liquid substance along with all the soluble substances dissolved in it together constitute a single phase. (eg., sea water) 
• A liquid or all its drops present together or in the same container constitute a single phase. (eg., rain drops)
• The liquids present together or in the same container, but not mixed with each other, constitute separate phase. (eg., oil and water) 
• All the gases present together constitute a single phase. (eg., air)

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🎿 Solution : 

1. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called solution.
2. That component of a solution which is present in the largest proportion is called solvent. 
3. The other components which are in less proportion than the solvent are called solutes.

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🏁 The process of forming a solution by mixing solutes in a solvent is called dissolution.

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🎡 Write types of solutions with examples.

• Solid in liquid- sea water, blue vitriol dissolved in water, salt dissolved in water, sugar syrup are of the type solid in liquid.
• liquid in liquid- for example, vinegar, dilute sulphuric acid.
• Gas in gas- for example, air.
• Solid in solid - for example, alloys like brass, steel, stainless steel, etc, 
• Gas in liquid- for example, chlorinated water, hydrochloric acid.

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🎢Suspension : 

1. Defination: Heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and a solid is called a suspension.
2. Suspension  is a mixture of a liquid and a solid. 
3. Ex. a heterogeneous mixture of water and saw dust. 
4. The diameter of the solid particles in a suspension is larger than 10^-4 m.  
5. light cannot transmit through Suspension. 
6. In a suspension the solid particles remain on an ordinary filter paper as residue. 
7. The liquid and solid components of a suspension get separated by filtration.

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🏈 Colloid

 The diameter of colloid particles is around 10^-5 m. 

Milk like heterogeneous mixture is called a colloid. Milk is itself a colloid.

The pores of an ordinary filter paper are larger than colloid, the heterogeneous mixture, cannot be separated by filtration.  

In milk, the solid and liquid particles of proteins, fats, etc. having a diameter around 10^-5 m are dispersed in the aqueous medium.  

Some other examles o colloid are 

a) ‘solid in gas’ -  example -  smoke,

b) ‘liquid in gas’ - example, fog, cloud.

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🏇 There is a definite proportion of the constituent elements in a compound. Ex. FeS - 7:4.

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🏊 A chart of Constituent elements, Number of atoms of constituent elements.

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🎺 A chart of Constituent Elements, Valency of ‘H’ , Number of bonds formed by ‘X’ with ‘H’, Valency ‘X’.

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⭐ A chart of Element Valency, Molecular formula of the corresponding compound.

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🪔 Chemical composition of some matter is given in the following table. Identify the main type of matter from there.

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वैशिष्ट्य 

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