8th Sci. 📘 Chapter 2: Health and Diseases (Notes-2)

●~~•❅• 🫐 •❅•~~●

●~~•❅••❅•~~●

▬▬▬▬ஜ۩۞۩ஜ▬▬▬

✍🏻.. विज्ञान विषयाच्या माहितीसाठी खालील⬇️ लिंकला🖇️ स्पर्श करा.🎸

           👉🖊️.  माहिती विज्ञानाची 🎷

━━═◆❃★❂★❃◆═━━

1. Non-Infectious Diseases

Diseases that do not occur through infections and body contacts are called non-infectious diseases. These arise inside the human body due to specific reasons.

🔅~~●●○○ 🫐○○●●~~ 🔅

A. Cancer

Definition: Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth.

Malignant Tumor: A group or lump of cancerous cells.

Affected Organs: Lungs, mouth, tongue, stomach, breast, uterus, skin, and blood tissues.

Reasons / Causes:

• Consumption of tobacco, gutkha, smoking, and alcoholism.
• Lack of fiber content (fruits and leafy vegetables) in food.
• Excessive consumption of junk food (pizza, burgers, etc.).
• Heredity.

Symptoms:

1. Chronic cough, hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing.
2. Incurable scar and inflammation.
3. Lumps in breast.
4. Unexplained weight loss.

Modern Diagnostics: CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy.

Modern Treatments: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, robotic surgery, and laparoscopic surgery.

Prevention: Controlled diet, physical exercise, avoiding addictions (tobacco chewing, smoking, etc.).

✺༺☬༒☬༻✺

B. Diabetes

Definition: A disorder caused when insulin (a hormone produced in the pancreas that controls blood glucose levels) is secreted in low quantities, leading to uncontrolled glucose levels in the blood.

Facts: India has the largest number of diabetes patients in the world (~7 crore patients).

Reasons / Causes:

• Heredity
• Obesity
• Lack of physical exercise
• Mental stress

Symptoms:

1. Frequent urination at night
2. Increased obesity or weight loss

Preventive Measures: 

• Following a proper diet, 
• taking prescribed medicines, and 
• exercising regularly under medical supervision.

☬✧°══✺══°✧☬

C. Heart Diseases

Cause: Efficiency of the heart decreases due to a reduced supply of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscles. This forces the heart to perform extra work, leading to stress and potential heart attacks.

Reasons / Causes:

1. Smoking, alcoholism
2. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity
3. Lack of physical exercise, heredity
4. Mental stress, anger, anxiety

Symptoms:

• Severe chest pains
• Pain in shoulder, neck, and arms
• Cramps in hand, uneasiness, and tremors

Medical Treatments / Interventions:

1. Angioplasty
2. By-pass surgery
3. Open heart surgery
4. Installation of stents
5. Installation of pacemaker
6. Heart transplant

First Aid for Heart Attack (C.O.L.S.—Compression Only Life Support):

• Call 108 for an ambulance.
• Check consciousness by shaking shoulders.
• Lay the patient flat on a hard horizontal surface.

Perform chest compressions: Press the center of the thorax at least 30 times at a rate of 100 to 120 strokes per minute.

┗══╰🧿╯══┛

2. Misuse of Medicines

Taking medicines without a doctor's prescription can harm the body.

Overdose Effects:

Painkillers: May damage the nervous system, excretory system, and liver.

Overdose of antibiotics may cause 

• nausea, 
• stomach ache, 
• dysentery, 
• rash, 
• white patches on the tongue, etc.

●┈┉꧁●꧂┉┈●

3. Generic Medicines

1. Also known as general medicines.
2. Manufactured and distributed without any patent.
3. Equal in quality to branded medicines, but significantly cheaper because minimal expenses are incurred on research (formulas are readily available).
4. Government Initiative: The Government of India declared the Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana on 1st July 2015 to make quality generic medicines affordable through Jan Aushadhi Stores.

꧁●○≛⃝ ≛⃝ 🌍○●꧂

4. Lifestyle and Diseases

1. Modern habits (staying in bed till late morning, sleeping late, irregular meal timings, junk food, and lack of exercise) increase illness frequency.
2. Prevention: Sufficient sleep, balanced food, physical exercise, yogasanas, and pranayam (under expert supervision).
3. Vaccination: Essential to prevent infectious diseases.

┅━━━•❀•━━━┅

5. Health Awareness Days

• 7th April - World Health Day
• 14th June - World Blood Donation Day
• 29th September - World Heart Day
• 14th November - World Diabetes Day

▓▓▓▓▓▓❀▓▓▓▓▓▓

6. Importance of Blood Donation

1. 1 unit of donated blood can fulfill the needs of 3 persons at a time (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
2. Donating blood 4 times a year can save the lives of 12 persons.

┅━═▣◆★✧★◆▣═━┅

रात इसलिए आती है,

ताकि तू अपनी जीत के लिए

 नई रणनीति बना सके।

आराम करना कोई कमज़ोरी नहीं,

बल्कि जीतने का एक हथियार है।

सो जा।

कल फिर से तुझे दुनिया बदलनी है।

याद रख सपने वो नहीं जो नींद में आएं,

सपने वो हैं जो नींद से पहले बनाए जाएं।

कल तेरा दिन है। 🤝💪🎷

❀꧁✧꧂❀