8th, Chapter 1: Living World and Classification of Microbes. 1. Biodiversity and Biological Classification Biological Classification: The process of dividing living organisms into groups and subgroups based on their similarities and differences. ЁЯСН Total Species : According to the 2011 census, around 87 million species of living organisms exist on Earth (land and sea). ┈┉┅━ ❍❀ЁЯФШ❀❍ ━┅┉ ✍ЁЯП╗ Historical Background: 1735 ( Carl Linnaeus ): Divided living world into 2 kingdoms – Vegetabilia and Animalia. 1866 ( Haeckel) : Created 3 kingdoms—Protista, Plants, and Animals. 1925 ( Chatton ): Created 2 main groups—prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 1938 ( Kopland ): Divided organisms into 4 kingdoms—Monera, Protista, Plants, and Animals. *━═━═━═━═━═━═━═━═━* 2. Whittaker's Five Kingdom System In 1969, American ecologist Robert Harding Whittaker divided living organisms into 5 kingdoms using five primary criteria: Criteria 1. Cell Complexity: Prokaryotic or Euk...